American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

This study aimed at identifying design features that can be incorporated in buildings to make them energy efficient. Energy audit and analysis is necessary to increase building energy efficiency. Three methods to increase energy efficiency were selected based on installation cost: the first method of low cost is replacing T-8 fluorescent lamps (FL) and Metal Halide lamps (ML) with T-5 and High Pressure Sodium (HPS) respectively, the second method of medium cost is replacing all FL and ML lamp with Light Emitting Diode (LED), and the third method of high cost is the automation system for room lighting based on fuzzy logic controller at some places in the building. Energy audit and analysis was performed on Irada building at Islamic University of Gaza (IUG). Good energy saving were achieved using low cost, medium cost, and high cost methods. Finally, this provided much needed power saving to be reused in Gaza Strip.

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2014, 2(2), 57-61. DOI: 10.12691/ajeee-2-2-5
Pub. Date: February 18, 2014

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Quad-Band Dual-Layer Microstrip Antenna Design for Mobile Handset

by Gada Mahmood Faisal, Kaydar Majeed Quboa and Dia Mohamad Ali

Original Research

Due to the rapid acceleration and evolution of the wireless communication and their equipment, integrating more than service in the personal devices, Personal Digital Assistance (PDA) devices has to work in multi-band frequencies. In this paper, a quad-band, dual-layer Microstrip Antenna was proposed. The proposed antenna is suggested to be used in a mobile phone handset that covers four frequency bands which include GSM 900 (889-960), GSM 1800 DCS 1800 (1710-1885)W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access); IMT 2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication)1885-2200, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi/WLAN (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n) ISM 2450 (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) (2400-2500). The antenna is fixed on a printed circuit board together with a standard mobile battery and LCD. All other components were packed in a mobile phone handset plastic cover. An extensive analysis of the return loss, radiation pattern, and gain of the designed antenna with and without cover were presented. Packing effects on the antenna parameters were studied, the proposed antenna shows return loss (RL) of -16 dB at 0.92 GHz; -20 dB RL at 1.735 GHz; -37 dB RL at 2.1 GHz; and -16 dB RL at 2.42 GHz which are encouraging results. Designing and simulation of the proposed antenna were based on CST software package.

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2014, 2(2), 51-56. DOI: 10.12691/ajeee-2-2-4
Pub. Date: February 16, 2014

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A New CFA Based Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filter

by Syed Naseem Ahmad and Anisur Rehman Nasir

Original Research

The paper presents a new current-mode second order universal filter with single input and three outputs using two current feedback amplifiers, two grounded capacitors, two grounded resistors and only one floating resistor. The circuit implements lowpass, band-pass and high-pass filter functions simultaneously without changing configuration and passive components. All the passive components are grounded except one floating resistor. The grounded capacitors make circuit suitable for integration. The circuit has low active and passive sensitivities. Simulation results agree well with the theoretical analysis.

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2014, 2(2), 48-50. DOI: 10.12691/ajeee-2-2-3
Pub. Date: February 14, 2014

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Hardware Implementation of the Neural Network Predictive Controller for Coupled Tank System

by Ammar A. Aldair

Original Research

In this paper, a neural network based predictive controller is designed for controlling the liquid level of the coupled tank system. The controlled process is a nonlinear system; therefore, a nonlinear prediction method can be a better match in a predictive control strategy. The neural network predictive controller that is discussed in this paper uses a neural network model of a nonlinear plant to predict future plant performance. The simulation results are compared with PID control. The results show that the effectiveness of using the neural predictive controller for the coupled tank system. The Simulink Toolbox in MATLAB has been used to simulate the controlled system with the proposed controller. The VHDL has been used to describe the implementation of neural controller. Xilinx ISE Project Navigator Version 10.1 is used to obtain the compilation and timing test results as well as the synthesized design. The hardware implementation of the neural network predictive controller using FPGA board is proposed. To make sure that the FPGA board works like the simulated neural predictive controller, MATLAB programme is used to compare between the set of the data that are obtained from the ModelSim program and the set of the data that are obtained from the MATLAB Simulink model. Simulation results show that the FPGA board can be used as neural predictive controller for controlling the liquid level of the coupled tank system.

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2014, 2(2), 40-47. DOI: 10.12691/ajeee-2-2-2
Pub. Date: February 01, 2014

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Reduction of Damping Oscillations of Power Systems with Combinational Operation of LFC & AVR in Single Area

by Jyothilal Nayak Bharothu and G Venkatesh

Original Research

The main aim of this paper is to reduce the damping oscillations. In this paper a new model is proposed to show the interaction between load frequency oscillations and automatic voltage regulator loops and to achieve more accuracy in dynamic and steady state response. The major problem arising from large scale electric power system interconnection is the low frequency oscillation of interconnected system. In order to maintain all the scheduled power transactions to the constant value, automatic generation control of a power system with closed loop feedback is used. By using the data acquisition system which conducts the actual operating conditions of the systems and the errors are computed. In ordered to maintain the level of voltage and frequency automatic generation control method through LFC loops is used.

American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2014, 2(2), 27-39. DOI: 10.12691/ajeee-2-2-1
Pub. Date: January 23, 2014

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33574 Views12566 Downloads33 Likes1 Citations