Highlighting the Deficiencies in Some Existing Optimal PMU Placement Techniques

Emmanuel U. Oleka^1, , Evelyn R. Sowells² and Gary L. Lebby¹

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro NC 27411

²Department of Computer Systems Technology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro NC 27411

Cite this paper

Emmanuel U. Oleka, Evelyn R. Sowells and Gary L. Lebby. Highlighting the Deficiencies in Some Existing Optimal PMU Placement Techniques. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2017; 5(4):120-125. doi: 10.12691/AJEEE-5-4-1

Abstract

Synchrophasor technology is receiving a global acceptance for electric power grid Wide Area Measurement System, (WAMS), an important function in a smart power transmission grid. A critical challenge in the synchrophasor technology deployment is the optimal choice of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) locations on the power grid. Researchers have proposed several techniques and algorithms in this respect. This work evaluated some of the major techniques and established that the available techniques and the factors they considered are not sufficient for a real-life optimal PMU placement (OPP). It also pointed to a method that could be applied to achieve a practical and robust solution for effective PMU placement for synchrophasor applications in a real-life electric power grid. It, therefore, calls for a shift in paradigm in the studies for the optimal PMU placement locations.

Keywords

optimal PMU placement, placement considerations, synchrophasor system deployment, synchrophasor applications

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	A. Phadke, “Synchronized phasor measurements in power systems,” Computer Applications in Power, IEEE, vol. 6, pp. 10-15, 1993.
[2]	A. Phadke, J. Thorp, and K. Karimi, “State estimlation with phasor measurements,” Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 1, pp. 233-238, 1986.
[3]	E. Oleka, A. Khanal, A. Osareh, and G. Lebby, “Exploring the Challenging Issues with Synchrophasor Technology Deployments in Electric Power Grids,” International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Vol: 9, No: 9, pp. 957-960, 2015.
[4]	N. M. Manousakis, G. N. Korres, and P. S. Georgilakis, “Taxonomy of PMU placement methodologies,” Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 27, pp. 1070-1077, 2012.
[5]	F. Aminifar, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, A. Safdarian, A. Davoudi, and M. Shahidehpour, “Synchrophasor measurement technology in power systems: Panorama and state-of-the-art,” Access, IEEE, vol. 2, pp. 1607-1628, 2014.
[6]	V. Madani, M. Parashar, J. Giri, S. Durbha, F. Rahmatian, D. Day, et al., “PMU placement considerations—a roadmap for optimal PMU placement,” in Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2011 IEEE/PES, 2011, pp. 1-7.
[7]	S. M. Mahaei and M. T. Hagh, “Minimizing the number of PMUs and their optimal placement in power systems,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 83, pp. 66-72, 2012.
[8]	V. B. Raju, T. TejaSwaroop, and R. K. Rao, “Optimal placement of phasor measurement units against PMU outage and Line outage Using advanced particle swarm optimization techniques,” in Information and Communication Technologies (WICT), 2011 World Congress on, 2011, pp. 501-506.
[9]	S. Chakrabarti and E. Kyriakides, “Optimal placement of phasor measurement units for power system observability,” Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 23, pp. 1433-1440, 2008.
[10]	R. Sodhi, S. Srivastava, and S. Singh, “Optimal PMU placement to ensure system observability under contingencies,” in Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES'09. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[11]	N. H. Abbasy and H. M. Ismail, “A unified approach for the optimal PMU location for power system state estimation,” Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 24, pp. 806-813, 2009.
[12]	E. Makram, Z. Zhao, and A. Girgis, “An improved model in optimal PMU placement considering sensitivity analysis,” in Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2011 IEEE/PES, 2011, pp. 1-6.
[13]	L. Huang, Y. Sun, J. Xu, W. Gao, J. Zhang, and Z. Wu, “Optimal PMU placement considering controlled islanding of power system,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 29, pp. 742-755, 2014.
[14]	S. Chakrabarti, E. Kyriakides, and D. G. Eliades, “Placement of synchronized measurements for power system observability,” Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 24, pp. 12-19, 2009.
[15]	N. Theodorakatos, N. Manousakis, and G. Korres, “Optimal PMU Placement Using Nonlinear Programming,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.05258, 2015.
[16]	B. Xu and A. Abur, “Observability analysis and measurement placement for systems with PMUs,” in Proc. 2004 IEEE Power System Conf, 2004, pp. 943-946.
[17]	S. Jitlikhit, “Application of Phasor Measurement Units and Wide Area Monitoring System of EGAT’s Network and Trend for Smart Grid,” EGAT, 2010.
[18]	USDOE, “Factors affecting PMU installation cost,” Smart Grid Investment Grant Program, October 2014.